His
letter arrived too late
because of the strike
His letter arrived too
late due to the strike
His letter arrived too
late on account of the strike
His letter arrived too
late owing to the strike
His letter arrived too
late thanks to the strike
The delay was
because of the strike
The delay
was due to the strike
Billy can't be with you now because he's busy
They refused to publish the book on the grounds that
it was subversive
Az ilyen -ing-tagmondat
rendszerint több egyszerű időhatározónál; a cselekvés okát, körülményeit fejezi
ki.
Igen választékos, főleg az írott nyelvre jellemző szerkezet (kivált
annak saját alanyt tartalmazó változata):
- A tagmondatnak saját alanya
van:
The moon having risen, they could see the sinister figures in the distance
- Ugyanilyen saját alanyú
tagmondat passzív szerkezettel:
The only serious obstacle having been removed, negotiations could continue
Everyone was surprised to hear that the group was getting
together
|
|
meglepődött (, mikor
hallotta), |
|
|
Mindenki |
meglepődve hallotta, |
hogy az együttes
megint összeáll |
|
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meglepődött, mert
elterjedt, |
|
Ilyen melléknevek: happy, shocked, astonished stb.
(5) A reason szó több pusztán 'ok'
jelentésű főnévnél;
az alábbi szerkezetekben 'azért'
jelentésben áll:
the reason Æ I went to Spain was to learn more about
bullfights
the reason why I went to Spain was to learn more
about bullfights
the reason that
I went to Spain was to learn more about bullfights
Főnévként nem az of,
hanem a for elöljáró követi a reason főnevet:
No-one knew what the reason for his pessimism
was
No-one knew what the cause of his
pessimism was
(6) Az olyan kapcsolatokat, mint a be blue with cold, become blue with cold, tremble with rage,
ld 37.